Asian Journal of Green Chemistry
3.8(Q2)
CiteScore
27
h-index

Green Synthesis of Dimedone-Based Compounds under Ultrasonic and Reflux Conditions and Assessment of Their Anticancer Activity against A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Asiyeh Einolvand
Sabah Salahvarzi

Department of Chemistry, Khor.C., Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.48309/ajgc.2026.547586.1832
Abstract
In this study, a series of dimedone derivatives were synthesized through the condensation of dimedone with various aromatic aldehydes. The chemical structures of the products were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR and NMR. The reactions were carried out under two different conditions: conventional reflux and ultrasonic irradiation. Additionally, the effect of varying the molar ratio of aldehyde to dimedone (1:1 and 1:2) was investigated. One of the advantages of this method is its solvent-free nature, contributing to a more environmentally friendly synthesis. The anticancer properties of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro against A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Statistical analysis using SPSS revealed that treatment with 25 µM and 50 µM concentrations of all derivatives significantly reduced cell proliferation after 24 hours compared to the control group (0 µM). These findings indicate that all synthesized compounds exhibit promising anticancer activity.

Graphical Abstract

Green Synthesis of Dimedone-Based Compounds under Ultrasonic and Reflux Conditions and Assessment of Their Anticancer Activity against A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells

Keywords

Dimedone derivatives
Solvent-free synthesis
Ultrasound-assisted reaction
A2780 ovarian cancer cells
Anticancer activity

Subjects

©2026 The author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

PUBLISHER NOTE

Sami Publishing Company remains neutral concerning jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

CURRENT PUBLISHER

Sami Publishing Company

[1] Anastas, P., Eghbali, N. Green chemistry: Principles and practice. Chemical society reviews, 2010, 39(1), 301-312.
[2] Tietze, L.F., Beifuss, U. The knoevenagel reaction. Comprehensive organic synthesis, 1992, 2, 341-394.
[3] Knochel, P., Molander, G.A. Comprehensive organic synthesis. Book, 2014.
[4] Ortiz-Bustos, J., Cruz, P., Pérez, Y., del Hierro, I. Prolinate-based heterogeneous catalyst for knoevenagel condensation reaction: Insights into mechanism reaction using solid-state electrochemical studies. Molecular Catalysis, 2022, 524, 112328.
[5] Rosati, O., Lanari, D., Scavo, R., Persia, D., Marmottini, F., Nocchetti, M., Curini, M., Piermatti, O. Zirconium potassium phosphate methyl and/or phenyl phosphonates as heterogeneous catalysts for knoevenagel condensation under solvent free conditions. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2018, 268, 251-259.
[6] Benzekri, Z., El Aadad, H., Sibous, S., Serrar, H., Boukhris, S., Chahine, A., Souizi, A. Improvement of the catalytic performance of hybrid nanocomposite based on phosphate-benzimidazole in knoevenagel condensation. Heliyon, 2020, 6(11).
[7] Hasaninejad, A., Firoozi, S., Mandegani, F. An efficient synthesis of novel spiro [benzo [c] pyrano [3, 2-a] phenazines] via domino multi-component reactions using l-proline as a bifunctional organocatalyst. Tetrahedron Letters, 2013, 54(22), 2791-2794.
[8] Sarma, P., Sarmah, K.K., Kakoti, D., Mahanta, S.P., Adassooriya, N.M., Nandi, G., Das, P.J., Bučar, D.-K., Thakuria, R. A readily accessible porous organic polymer facilitates high-yielding knoevenagel condensation at room temperature both in water and under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions. Catalysis Communications, 2021, 154, 106304.
[9] Voskressensky, L.G., Festa, A.A., Varlamov, A.V. Domino reactions based on knoevenagel condensation in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Recent advances. Tetrahedron, 2014, 70(3), 551-572.
[10] Khan, K.M., Khan, I., Perveen, S., Malik, M.I. A rapid and efficient csf catalyzed tandem knoevenagel–michael reaction. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2014, 158, 1-5.
 [11] Mohareb, R.M., Al Farouk, F.O., Wardakhan, W.W. Uses of dimedone for the synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives with anti-tumor, c-met, tyrosine, and pim-1 kinases inhibitions. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 2018, 27(8), 1984-2003.
[12] Khang Nikfarjam, S., Baharara, J., Nejad shahrokhabady, K. Cytotoxic of artemjsia absinthium extract on A270 cell line ovarian cancer and alteration of apoptoticgences expression levels. Studies in Medical Sciences, 2021, 32(5), 317–328.
[13] Mohareb, R.M., Abdelaziz, M.A., Jame, R., Omer, N., Labib, H.M. Synthesis of new chromen-5-one derivatives from dimedone and their antiproliferative evaluations against selected cancer cell lines together with hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical carcinoma. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2025, 25(2), 134-149.
[14] Mkhayar, K., Daoui, O., Haloui, R., Elkhattabi, S., Chtita, S. Design of new derivatives of dimedone molecules using qsar and docking molecular. Medical Sciences Forum, 2022, 14(1), 106
[15] Zhan, S.C., Fang, R.J., Sun, J., Yan, C.G. Diastereoselective synthesis of spiro [carbazole-3, 5′-pyrimidines] and spiro [carbazole-3, 1′-cyclohexanes] via four-component reaction. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 2021, 19(28), 6322-6327.
[16] Mason T.J., Lorimer J.P. Applied Sonochemistry: Uses of Power Ultrasound in Chemistry and Processing, Wiley-VCH, 2021.
[17] Kasi, V., EI Sayed Abdelsalam Zaki, M., Nabisahebgari, H.B., Shaik, H., Chang, S.K., Wong, L.S., Parasuraman, K., Gomha, S.M. Magnetic nanoparticle-catalysed one-pot multicomponent reactions (mcrs): A green chemistry approach. Catalysts, 2025, 15(9), 800.
[18] Lalpara, J.N., Dhaduk, B.B., Dubal, G., Gupta, M.K., Pashavan, C.K., Kanzariya, J., Rola, R., Shiyal, M., Hadiyal, S.D. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of hexahydro-1 h-xanthene-1, 8 (2 h)-dione and 1, 2, 3-triazole hybrids as potent free radical scavengers. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2025, 51(4), 1489-1497.
Asian Journal of Green Chemistry
Volume 10, Issue 3
May and June 2026
Pages 403-412

  • Receive Date 16 September 2025
  • Revise Date 23 October 2025
  • Accept Date 11 November 2025

Home

A-Z Journals

SPC Publisher's Policies

Indexing and Abstracting

Editorial Board

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us

Using and Citation