Asian Journal of Green Chemistry
3.8(Q2)
CiteScore
27
h-index

Evaluation of Antipyretic Activity of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and n-Butanol Extracts of Pometia pinnata Fruit Peel

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Andri Tilaqza 1
Merlita Herbani 2

1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Islam Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Islam Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

10.48309/ajgc.2026.561669.1874
Abstract
Fever is a regulated biological response to infection and inflammation, characterized by an elevation in body temperature mediated by endogenous pyrogens. Although synthetic antipyretics such as paracetamol are effective, prolonged use may cause adverse effects, prompting the search for safer, plant-derived alternatives. This study evaluated the antipyretic activity of Pometia pinnata fruit peel extracts prepared using three solvents of different polarity (ethanol, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate) under ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE; 40 kHz, 20 min, 25 °C). Antipyretic activity was assessed in male Wistar rats using a brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia model (eleven groups; n = 6 per group) at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW, with rectal temperature recorded every 30 min for 4 h. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (Tukey) at each time point and two-way ANOVA (Sidak) to evaluate dose, time, and interaction effects (p<0.05). Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract (EEPP) contained saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, and triterpenoids; the n-butanol extract (NBPP) contained alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids; and the ethyl acetate extract (ETPP) contained flavonoids, phenolics, and steroids. All extracts exhibited significant dose- and time-dependent antipyretic activity. The highest percentage of fever reduction was achieved by ETPP (89.52 ± 15.28%), followed by NBPP (89.12 ± 7.90%) and EEPP (71.93 ± 6.07%). These findings indicate that Pometia pinnata fruit peel has strong antipyretic potential, and the antipyretic activity profile is influenced by extraction solvent polarity.

Graphical Abstract

Evaluation of Antipyretic Activity of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and n-Butanol Extracts of Pometia pinnata Fruit Peel

Keywords

Pometia pinnata
Antipyretic
Fruit peel
Solvent polarity
Ultrasound-assisted extraction

Subjects

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Asian Journal of Green Chemistry

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 07 February 2026

  • Receive Date 03 November 2025
  • Revise Date 19 January 2026
  • Accept Date 07 February 2026

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