Asian Journal of Green Chemistry
3.8(Q2)
CiteScore
27
h-index

Green Chemistry-Driven Development of Topical Vitamin D3 Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: In Silico Lipid Selection and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Ida Kristianingsih 1, 2
. Siswandono 2
Mochammad Yuwono 3
Dini Retnowati 3
Riyanto Teguh Widodo 4
Sri Rahayu 1
Esti Hendradi 3, 5

1 Doctoral Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, Kediri, Indonesia

3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

4 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

5 Pharmaceutics and Delivery Systems for Drugs, Cosmetics and Nanomedicine (Pharm-DCN) Research Group of Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

10.48309/ajgc.2026.563373.1879
Abstract
Vitamin D3 exhibits promising anti-inflammatory activity; however, its topical application is limited by poor aqueous solubility and low dermal bioavailability. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are biocompatible lipid-based systems that enhance cutaneous delivery. This study optimized the lipid composition of Vitamin D3-loaded NLCs using an integrated green chemistry approach that combined in silico screening and experimental validation. Molecular docking and physicochemical compatibility prediction identified monostearin and Miglyol 812 as optimal lipid candidates. NLCs were then prepared at different solid–liquid lipid ratios (F1: 7:3, F2: 8:2, F3: 9:1) using an environmentally benign, organic-solvent-free high-shear homogenization process and were stabilized with a low concentration (3%) of non-ionic, low-toxicity surfactants (Tween 60 and PEG 400). In vitro release was assessed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. In vivo evaluation confirmed that formulation F1 produced the greatest reduction in paw edema (3.94% at 6 h), approaching the activity of the positive control and markedly outperforming the negative control. Overall, the combined in silico–experimental strategy improved the performance of vitamin D3-loaded NLCs while reducing material use and supporting environmentally benign formulation development.

Graphical Abstract

Green Chemistry-Driven Development of Topical Vitamin D3 Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: In Silico Lipid Selection and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation

Keywords

Green nanocarriers
In silico
Topical vitamin D3
Anti-inflammatory

Subjects

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Asian Journal of Green Chemistry

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 30 January 2026

  • Receive Date 12 November 2025
  • Revise Date 17 December 2025
  • Accept Date 26 January 2026

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