Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Emblica officinalis leaf extract mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for antibacterial and photocatalytic activities4184318158710.33945/SAMI/AJGC.2019.4.1ENAnbuvannan MariDepartment of Physics, Sri Akilandeswari Women’s College, Wandiwash-604408, Tamil Nadu, India0000-0001-7716-8627Ramesh MookkaiahDepartment of Physics, M.V. Muthiah Government Arts College for Women, Dindigul- 624 001.Tamil Nadu, IndiaManikandan ElayaperumalDepartment of Physics ,Thiruvalluvar University College of Arts & Science , Thennangur-604408. Tamil Nadu, IndiaJournal Article20180918ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized <em>via</em> a simple green method using plant extract without the use of any other chemicals. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), photoluminescence measurements (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Photocatalytic activities of ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue under UV radiation. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles against <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>S. paratyphi</em>, <em>V. cholerae</em>, and <em>E. coli</em> are also screened.Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Hydrothermal and sol-gel low-temperature synthesis of tin, silver co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency: artificial neural network modelling4324548165910.33945/SAMI/AJGC.2019.4.2ENRobab MohammadiDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697, Tehran, IranMohammad IsazadehDepartment of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, IranJournal Article20180815Pure anatase TiO<sub>2 </sub>nanoparticles with various Ag and Sn contents were synthesized by hydrothermal and sol-gel low-temperature methods. Structural and morphological characterizations of synthesized nanoparticles were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption isotherm and brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) techniques. The effect of synthesis procedure on the crystalline structure, crystal size, surface area, pore size distribution and photocatalytic activity of synthesized samples were studied. The photocatalytic activity was tested vs. degradation of methylene blue (MB) under black light radiation. Ag/Sn-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method showed higher photoactivity during the degradation of MB under black light irradiation because of being enhanced in the specific surface area, total pore volume, and its reduction in the crystallite size. An artificial neural network (ANN) comprising four input variables (mol% of dopant ions, photocatalyst dosage, initial dye concentration, and pH of the solution), eight neurons and an output variable (degradation efficiency %) was optimized, tested and validated for MB degradation by Ag/Sn-TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles synthesized <em>via</em> hydrothermal method. The results showed that the predicted data from the designed ANN model are in good agreement with the experimental data with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.979. A 98.9% photodegradation efficiency of MB was achieved by utilizing 0.07 mol% Ag and 0.03 mol% Sn co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> at pH = 12.Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Green synthesis and antibacterial activity of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdSNPs) using Panicum sarmentosum4554698175910.33945/SAMI/AJGC.2019.4.3ENIrshad Ul Haq BhatFaculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Campus Jeli, 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaYong Sin YiFaculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Campus Jeli, 17600, Kelantan, MalaysiaJournal Article20180828The plant sources can act as potential precursors for the synthesis of nanoparticles in non-hazardous ways as plants contain various secondary metabolites, acting as reducing and stabilizing agents for the reduction reaction to synthesize novel metallic nanoparticles. The green synthesized nanoparticles have been proven to control various diseases with less adverse effect. Thus, in this study, the green method for the preparation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles using <em>Panicum sarmentosum</em> has been adopted. The synthesized CdSNPs were evaluated for their optical, structural, surface morphological and antibacterial properties. The CdSNPs were characterized by different techniques including UV–vis spectrophotometry, fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> was also carried out. The XRD pattern revealed the crystalline structure of CdSNPs. The SEM analysis showed the size and shape of the nanoparticles. XRF analysis confirmed the presence of cadmium and sulphur in nanoparticles. The presence of (OH), (NH) and carboxylic functional groups were confirmed by FTIR analysis. TGA results prove that CdSNPs are more thermally stable than plant material. The ecological friendly methods can generate simple, easy and cost-effective nanoparticles than chemical and physical approaches and have a potential to be used as antibacterial agents.Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Imidazole mediated synthesis of spirooxindoles in water using isatin as a privileged scaffold4704828180210.33945/SAMI/AJGC.2019.4.4ENMd. Nasim KhanIqra Pharmaceuticals, Nutanhat, Burdwan, West Bengal-713147, IndiaDigvijaysinh K. ParmarDiu College, DHES, Diu (U.T)- 362520, IndiaHardik B. BhattOm College of Science, Junagadh-Gujrat-362310, IndiaJournal Article20180915This work describes the synthesis of complex small molecules spirooxindoles using imidazole as an efficient organocatalyst. The three components coupling reactions of isatin, malononitrile and enolizable 4-hydroxycoumarin were performed in water as a green solvent. The reaction is done with imidazole an amphoteric organocatalyst to construct spiro-molecules in high yields. The significant features of this protocol are neutral reaction condition, readily available low cost catalyst, metal free, strong acid/base free, and reusable reaction medium with no column chromatography separation. This methodology is useful for the easy access of structurally complex, highly functionalized spirooxindole molecules with important medicinal chemistry applications.Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Solvent-free synthesis for imidazole-1-yl-acetic acid hydrochloride: an intermediate for zoledronic acid4834918184110.33945/SAMI/AJGC.2019.4.5ENChandra Kant BelwalResearch and Process Development, Sterling Biotech Ltd., Masar, Jambusar State Highway, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Pin code-391421Jaimin PatelResearch and Process Development, Sterling Biotech Ltd., Masar, Jambusar State Highway, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Pin code-391421Journal Article20181012A convenient and environmentally-friendly protocol for the preparation of imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid hydrochloride is described <em>via</em> solvent-free <em>N</em>-alkylation of imidazole by <em>tert</em>-butyl chloroacetate, the obtained imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid <em>tert</em>-butyl ester was hydrolyzed in water and treated with hydrochloric acid to get imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid hydrochloride in good yields. Unlike the previously reported methods, this two step process is completely free from the use of hazardous solvents, besides, it has high yielding and been characterized by simple and easy work-up procedure. Imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid hydrochloride produced by the described method is converted into zoledronic acid monohydrate of medicinal use.Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Bioactive principle loaded gold nanoparticles as potent anti-melanoma agent: green synthesis, characterization, and in vitro bioefficacy4925078202710.33945/SAMI/AJGC.2019.4.6ENSaurabh YadavDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282005, IndiaMukti SharmaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282005, IndiaNarayan GaneshJawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Bhopal-462001, IndiaShalini SrivastavaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282005, IndiaMan Mohan SrivastavaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Dayalbagh, Agra-282005, IndiaJournal Article20181003The present communication warrants the presence of significant anti-melanoma bioefficacy in the native bark ethanolic extract (65.15%) of the plant <em>Madhuca longifolia</em>. A family of seven flavonoids has been ascertained in the bark ethanolic extract of the target plant using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis as bioactive constituents. Statistically, significant (p <0.05)enhancement in the anti-melanoma bioefficacy (85.15%) has been successfully attempted, reaching near to the level of reference (Cyclophosphamide drug) using bioactive principle (flavonoid) loaded gold nanoparticles (F@AuNp). In <em>vitro</em> anti-melanoma bioefficacy has been measured against two melanoma cell lines (B16F10 and A375) using MTT and SRB bioassays. Noticeably, the native bark extract and F@AuNp <sub> </sub>did not show any toxicity towards normal lymphocyte cells, highlighting their safe and non-toxic nature. The pathway of observed anti-melanoma efficacy of (F@AuNp) has been discussed based on our experimental findings on percent inhibition in mice and human melanoma cell lines, production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the release of nitric oxide, and increase caspase-3 activities. The native bark extract of the plant <em>M. longifolia </em>and its bioactive principle loaded gold nanoparticles possess bright prospects for the development of complimentary herbal nanomedicine for scaling-up the anti-melanoma bioefficacy.Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Synthesis and anti-microbial activities of azomethine and aminomethyl phenol derivatives5085178229710.33945/SAMI/AJGC/2019.4.7ENSivakumar MatamDepartment of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu-624 302, IndiaPrabakaran KaliyanDepartment of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu-624 302, IndiaPadmavathy SethuramasamyDepartment of Zoology and Microbiology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSeenivasa Perumal MuthuDepartment of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu-624 302, IndiaJournal Article20180925A series of azomethine and aminomethyl phenol derivatives has been synthesized and characterized by mass, IR, and NMR spectral techniques.In<em> vitro</em> antimicrobial activities of all these compounds were evaluated against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and fungal strains by measuring zone of inhibition using agar diffusion method. Results of antimicrobial screening indicated that the compound <strong>4a</strong> was the most active antimicrobial agent (100 µg/mL). The compounds <strong>3a</strong>, <strong>4e</strong>, <strong>4f</strong> were exhibited best in<em> vitro</em> anti-microbial activity against the gram positive bacterial strains such as <em>Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus </em>and gram negativebacterialstrain <em>Salmonella typhi </em>andfungalstrain <em>Candida albicans.</em>Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Identification of lectins from the seeds of Bangladeshi plants Sesbania bispinosa and Senna occidentalis by hemagglutination assay5185248245610.33945/SAMI/AJGC/2019.4.8ENMst. Jesmin SultanaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, BangladeshFazle Rabbi Shakil AhmedDepartment of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajgonj, BangladeshM. Taufiq AlamDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, BangladeshJournal Article20181002The hemagglutination assay is a simple and easy method to specify a lectin<em>. </em>An activelectinagglutinates erythrocytes by recognizing a carbohydrate on the cell surface and forming a cross-linked network in suspension. The assay is traditionally performed on a microtiter plate, where the lectin solution is serially diluted and the minimum concentration of a lectin causing agglutination is detected. The crude extract of <em>Senna occidentalis </em>and <em>Sesbania bispinosa </em>seedscontain considerable amount of protein. It was found that 10 gm of <em>Sesbania bispinosa</em>and <em>Senna occidentalis </em>seeds contain about 12.6 mg/mL and 9.8 mg/mL of protein and minimum agglutination concentration was found to be 0.393 mg/mL for <em>Sesbania bispinosa</em> in each group of human erythrocytes (A, B, O and AB) and 0.613 mg/mL for <em>Senna occidentalis</em> in chicken erythrocytes. Finally, the hemagglutination assay confirmed that possible lectins have been presented in the <em>Sesbania bispinosa </em>and <em>Senna occidentalis</em>plant sources.Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Efficient and green synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles by magnetically nanocatalyst and microwave assisted5255358250510.33945/SAMI/AJGC/2019.4.9ENHamid Reza MardaniDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, IranMehdi ForouzaniDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, IranRasoul EmamiDepartment of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), PO BOX 19395-3697 Tehran, IranJournal Article20181025Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>MNPs) were prepared and used as an eco-friendly, reusable, low-cost and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles <em>via </em>three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes with benzil and ammonium acetate under low power microwave irradiation and solvent-free condition. This one-pot procedure is very simple with good to excellent yields. Easy separation of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4 </sub>MNPs from the reaction mixture by an external magnet and the reusability of the catalyst are the considerable points of the reaction.Sami Publishing CompanyAsian Journal of Green Chemistry2588-58393420191001Application of modified sawdust for solid phase extraction, preconcentration and determination of trace lead in water samples5365498322610.33945/SAMI/AJGC/2019.4.10ENRashin AndayeshDepartment Of Chemistry, Ahvaz Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, IranShahla ElhamiDepartment Of Chemistry, Ahvaz Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20181117A new sorbent was provided and exerted for separation and preconcentration of Pb (II) before the determination of lead ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The normative studies on extraction, separation and preconcetration of Pb (II) were represented in the present work. This novel method was based on new sorbent by adding diethylenetriamine to sawdust and increasing incidence exterior. The effect of different parameters were studied; such as pH, ligand concentration and sample volume, type and volume of eluent and ligand effect. The optimum pH and preconcentration factor and limit of detection for Pb (II) were 4, 100 and 0.48 µg/L, respectively. Furthermore, in this approach calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.05-100 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> with R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.995. The vertical and horizontal confines of calibration diagrams in 500 mL solution were calculated about 0-0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> and 0-0.6. The results of applying the present method to determinate the separated lead ions in water samples were prosperous and harmonious. Precision of the method was investigated by comparing them with observations from previous similar researches.